Solutions

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Unit 8 Comparison

Introduction

Question1.
When we compare we estimate, measure or note the similarity or dissimilarity between two or more people, places, things or ideas. And we often compare them in terms of size, shape, weight, colour, quality, manner, number, quantity, grade, actions, intensity, age, looks, feelings etc?

Answer:Do you know what term is used for the class of words we use for comparison In this unit you will learn the various ways of comparing in English. You will also get some practice in using them. Note: The focus above is on the grammar concept of Comparatives, well-supported by its elaborate clarification

Question2.
Study the table below and notice how the words of comparison are used. Have you noticed that the above examples have expressions like as . as, more . than, -er. than, the . -est or the most.. ? Why ? Discuss with a partner. The examples in the following table can give you some clues to the answer?

Answer:

Write your conclusions here :

Adjective Comparative form Superlative
Single syllable adjectives -er for adjectives / adverbs -est for adjectives/ adverbs
Adjectives ending in y -ier -iest
Adjectives of two syllables -r / er st / est
Adjectives that do not have regular forms irregular comparative irregular supe
Question1.
that you worked out with your partner?

Answers:

  • My complexion is fairer than hers
  • He is as energetic as I
  • The period of his service is less than that of mine
  • His passion for basketball is not as intense as mine
  • He walks faster than me
  • His academic score is higher than that of mine
Question3.
Work with your partner and fill in the table with information about yourselves. You may add other characteristics, if you like. When you have finished, compare the results?

Answer:

Characteristics You (Write your name here : Judith) Your partner (Write his / her name here : Ha
Height 1.6m 1.7m
Weight 56 kg 62 kg
Age (years and months) 15-3 15-6
Hair dark brown
Number of members in the family three four
Distance of home from school 4 km 8 km
Mode of transport to school school bus Car
Interest in studies deep less
Question4.
Read this feature article in which the writer compares the treatment of boys and girls. Complete the article by filling in the spaces with ONE appropriate word from the box given below. You may have to change the form of the word you need to use and some words may have to be used more than once. than,much,few,less,as,many For many parents, especially those who are poor and illiterate, a girl is a lesser child. Doesnt it make you mad to know that girls arent given an equal chance to be born ? Though female infanticide was banned by law over a century ago, thousands of girls are killed before they are born or when they are babies. Even the girls who are allowed to survive live with less of everything. ________ girls are sent to school ________ boys. They get ________ medical care, so ________ girls die. Boys get ________ nutritious food and also ________ time to play. ________ jobs are open to girls, and even if they are employed, they are not paid ________ as boys. Most of all, they get ________ respect. They are not given as ________ opportunities as boys to speak out on matters that concern them. And yet a girl usually does twice as ________ work ________ a boy, not only in the house but also in the fields. This discrimination and bias must end, and end now ! Can we count on your support ?

Answer: Fewer, than, less, many, more much, Fewer, as much, less, many much, as

Question5.
Work with your partner and list the names of magazines that you know?
Name of Magazine
Femina Resonance
Frontline Inside Outside
India Today Outlook

Now make as many sentences as you can from the table below to express your own opinions about the magazines you have listed. Write your sentences in your note book

Note: You may add more information if you like When do we use (a) less than/ as much as and ? In uncountable nouns When do we use (b) fewer than/ as many as ? ? In countable nouns Create some sentences, and try to work out the "rule"

Answer: My Opinions on different Magazines

  • I think Outlook contains fewer interviews than Frontline
  • I do not think Resonance contains as many advertisements as Femina
  • India Today is more popular than Resonance
  • The visuals in Inside Outside are more appealing than those in India Today

Some Sentences:

    (a)
  • The reward is less than what you expected
  • He ate as much as he could
  • Rule. less than/as much as ; is used with uncountable nouns, eg reward, ate
  • (b)
  • The girls are fewer than the boys
  • The visuals are not as many as you expect
  • Rule. fewer than/as many as ; is used in countable nouns, eg girls, visuals
Question.5
Compare the two rockets shown below and complete the paragraph which follows?
Helios Selene
Height 20 metres 25 metres
Weight 15 tonnes 18 tonnes
Diameter 1 metre 1 metre
Date of first launch 1993 1991
Payload capacity 1 tonne 1.1 tonne
Range 3000 kms 2300 kms

The Selene, first launched in 1991, is five metres _________ (height) and three tonnes _________ (weight) _________ the Helios. The diameter of the Helios is _________ the Selene. However, the payload capacity of the Helios is 1 tonne, which is 0.1 tonne _________ the Selene. Interestingly, the Helios has a range of 3000 km, which is 700 km _________ the Selene

Answers: higher, weightier, than, as much as, less than that of, more than that of

Question6.
The chart below shows information on the economics of the Annual Sports Meet. Study the chart carefully. Suppose you are the Principal of the school. Taking information from the chart, prepare an oral presentation for the Management Committee of the school. Use as many expressions of comparison as you can. You have been given some examples. More girls will participate than boys. Twice as much money will be spent on procuring sports equipment and apparatus as on tents, chairs and decoration. As much as a quarter of all money has been ear-marked for organising a cultural extravaganza in the opening and closing ceremonies?

Answer: The Economics of the Annual Sports Meet Oral Presentation This is to apprise the honourable members of the Management Committee that as much as a quarter of the total money has been earmarked for organising the Cultural Extravaganza. Fortunately, the participation of the girls will be more than that of the boys. The expenses on procuring sports equipment and tentage will be twice as much as was previously estimated. Even the number of mementoes, trophies and certificates will be about three times more than that of the last years sum-total. As far as the budget for refreshments is concerned, it is going to be far more than what was planned. However, the financial support from different sources is as encouraging as it was the last year

Question7.
Compare the items in each picture using -er, more, less or an irregular form. Use the words under the pictures. You may write your answer in more than I one way?
Example : Ice-cream tastes better than yoghurt,

Answer:

  • Fresh fruits are healthier, more nutritious and less fattening than burgers
  • Burgers are less healthy, nutritious and fattening than fresh fruits. cheap, effective, good
  • The soap cake is cheaper, more effective and better than clinic shampoo
  • Clinic shampoo is less cheap, effective and good than the soap cake. economical, safer, eco-friendly
  • Cycling is safer, more economical and more eco-friendly than riding a motor-bike
  • Riding a motor-bike is less economical, safe and eco-friendly than cycling. good, quick, safe
  • Sending e-mail is better, quicker and safer that that by ordinary post
  • Ordinary post is less good, quick and safe than that by e-mail. informative, entertaining, popular
  • T.V. is more informative, entertaining and popular than transistor
  • Transistor is far less informative, entertaining and popular than T.V. convenient, spacious, private
  • A detached house is more convenient, spacious and private than a flat or an apartment
  • A flat or an apartment is less convenient, spacious and private than a detached house. useful, easy, handy, versatile
  • A Swiss knife is more useful, easier! handier and more versatile than a tin-can opener
  • A tin-can opener is less useful, easy/handy and versatile than a Swiss knife. crowded, polluted, noisy
  • Life in cities is far more crowded, polluted and noisy than that in villages
  • Life in villages is far less crowded, polluted and noisy than that in cities. fast, expensive, comfortable
  • Travel in an aeroplane is faster, more expensive and more comfortable than that in a train
  • Travel in a train is less fast, expensive and comfortable than that in an aeroplane. quick, hygienic, nutritious
  • Food cooked in a pressure cooker is quicker, more hygienic and nutritious than that cooked in an ordinary cooking vessel
  • Food cooked in an ordinary cooking vessel is less quick, hygienic and nutritious than that cooked in a pressure cooker. safe, comfortable, fast
  • Travel in a train is safer, more comfortable and faster than that of a bus.
  • Travel in a bus is less safe, comfortable and fast than that in a train
Question8.
Complete the following paragraph by filling in the blanks with the comparative form of words given in the box below : expensive,cheap, good,costly,low?

Answer: Goods this year are costlier than last year, and next year things may be more expensive than they are now. Here are some suggestions for saving money ! Compare the prices of similar products. Some brands are cheaper than others, but the quality may not be much lower. Before you go shopping make a list of the items that you need and buy only those things ! Dont buy things that you dont need just because they are cheaper than the usual price, and dont buy anything just to keep up with your neighbours

Avoiding Repetition

Question1.
The comparisons below involve some unnecessary repetition. Cross out any unnecessary words, to avoid repetition?
  • I can run faster than Asha can run
  • I can run faster than Asha can
  • I can run faster than Asha
  • Today, Asia has far less forest cover than Asia had in the past
  • The questions in the Physics test werent as easy as the questions in the Maths test
  • The population of India is rising more quickly than the population of China
  • Children were reading more in 1990 than they are reading now
  • Children now spend far more time watching TV than they spend reading books.

Answers:

  • Nowadays, Asia has far fewer forests than it (once) had
  • The questions in the Physics test werent as easy as those in the Maths test
  • The population of India is rising more quickly than that of China
  • Children were reading more in 1990 than they are now
  • Children now spend far more time watching TV than reading books
Question2.
Rewrite the following passage by removing the words that have been repeated. Use that or those, wherever necessary. You may have to make certain other changes, too. Apes are in many ways similar to humans. The skeleton of an ape resembles the skeleton of a human and it has the same number of teeth as a human has. An apes brain is smaller than the brain of a human, but its structure is the same as the structure of a human brain. It is not surprising then, that apes behave rather like humans behave. Of all apes, the chimpanzee is most similar to man. It is the most intelligent of all the apes and can be trained more easily than other apes. Some chimpanzees have been taught to communicate with humans through gestures like the gestures used in deaf and dumb language?

Answer: Apes are in many ways similar to humans. The skeleton of an ape resembles that of a human and it has the same number of teeth as the latter has. An apes brain is smaller than that of a human, but its structure is the same as that of the latter. It is not surprising then, that apes behave rather like humans behave. Of all apes, the chimpanzee is most similar to man. It is the most intelligent of all the apes and can be trained more easily than other apes. Some chimpanzees have been taught to communicate with humans through gestures like those used in deaf and dumb language

Question2.
What does this proverb mean The higher you climb, the harder you fall. Match the clauses from column A with those in column B to form meaningful sentences?

Answer:

  • (a) The interpretation of the proverb is : The more dreamy you are, the more sad you will be
  • (b) The clauses in the column A match with the following phrases in column B
Question3.
Now complete the sentences below?

Answer:

  • 1 The harder I work - the stronger I feel
  • 2 The older you become - the weaker you feel
  • 3 The more he earns - the fatter he becomes
  • 4 The sooner she realizes her mistake - the wiser she emerges
  • 5 The faster our team scores - the luckier we feel

Comparison of Trends

Question1.
Look at the graph and the paragraph below which provides an interpretation of the data given in the graph. Graph to show number of whales caught in Antarctic (1985-2010)?

Answer: As whalers reduced catches of the larger whales, they switched to smaller species. This is evident when we compare figures for the Antarctic catch of the larger sei whale with those for small minke whale. In 1985, fifteen times as many sei whales as minke whales were caught. By 1995, catches of both the species were virtually the same (9000). By the 2000, the situation had reversed and the number of minke whales killed was more than doubled as compared to sei whales (6000). The graph shows that while the sei catch was reduced by 95% between 1985 and 2010, over the same period the minke whale catch was eight times greater. If these trends continue, the situation for the smaller species will be as bad as it used to be for the larger ones

Question.1
Discuss with a partner :
  • What expressions have been used for comparing the data ? Underline them
  • Does the analysis identify the main trends ? Has any projection or guess been made based on the available data
  • Can you spot a sentence that summarizes the data or draws a conclusion based on it
  • Has the analysis been supported with figures from the given data
  • Is there any unnecessary repetition
  • How many times has the verb be in its different forms been used

Answer: After the discussion with the partner, the results are given below

  • 1 The expressions for comparing the data have been underlined
  • As whalers reduced catches of the larger whales, they switched to smaller species. This is evident when we compare figures for the Antarctic catch of the larger sei whale with those for small minke whale. In 1985, fifteen times as many sei whales as minke whales were caught. By 1995, catches of both the species were virtually the same (9000). By the 2000, the situation had reversed and the number of minke whales killed was more than doubled as compared to sei whales (6000). The graph shows that while the sei catch was reduced by 95% between 1985 and 2010, over the same period the minke whale catch was eight times greater. If these trends continue, the situation for the smaller species will be as bad as it used to be for the larger ones
  • 2 The main trends refer to the comparison of the trends in the two activities
  • 3 The conclusion emphasizes that if these trends continue, the situation for the smaller species will be as bad as it used to be for the larger ones
  • 4 The analysis is supported with the comparison of the situation between the years 1985 and 2010
  • 5 Not exactly ; there is hardly any repetition
  • 6 The use of verb be in its different forms has been identified ie, they figure six times in the given passage which are given as under
  • is evident
  • were caught
  • were virtually
  • had reversed
  • was reduced
  • was 8 times greater
Question2.
The graph below describes the average number of hours spent by students aged 11-15 years on two activities (per student per week) in India between 1985 and 2010 and gives projections for 2015. Study the information carefully and then write a paragraph interpreting the data. Include the following?
  • A comparison of the trends in the two activities
  • A comparison of the situation in 1985
  • A comparison of the situation between 1985 and 2010
  • Predictions for the future

Answer: It can be seen from the graph that on the whole, time spent by the students on viewing TV between 1985 and 2010 has been increasing ; and on reading for pleasure, it has been decreasing. For instance in the year 1985, students spent hardly any time per week on watching TV as against fourteen hours spent by them on reading for pleasure. In the year 2010, they spent only three-fourth as much time reading as they did in 1985. If the present trends continue, the students by the year 2015 would be spending their time on viewing TV, a little more. It would be almost four times higher than on reading for pleasure

Question 1.
Saeed runs quicker than Johnson?

Answer: Saeed runs more quickly than Johnson

Question 2.
The faster land animal in the world is the cheetah?

Answer: No other land animal in the world is faster than the cheetah

Question 3.
Our house is bigger than your?

Answer: Our house is bigger than yours

Question 4.
On an average, people in cities earn more money than that living in villages?

Answer: On an average, people in cities earn more money than those in villages

Question 5.
His grade is the same than mine?

Answer: His grade is the same as (that of) mine

Question 6.
Ranvir is slightly taller as Javed?

Answer: Ranvir is slightly taller than Javed

Question 7.
Developed countries consume twice more resources as developing countries?

Answer: Developed countries consume twice as much resources as developing countries

Question 8.
The clock tower is most prominent landmark in this area?

Answer: The clock tower is the most prominent landmark in this area

CBSE Class 10 English Workbook Solutions Integrated Grammar Practice 4
Question 1.
Given below are Reenas notes from her trip to Fatehpur Sikri. Use this information to complete the paragraph by choosing the correct options. Imperial city of Mughal empire between 1571-1584-built by Mughal emperor Akbar- buildings blend of Islamic and Hindu styles-general layout and concept: Islamic-actual buildings show Hindu influence especially Gujarat and Rajasthan?
  • Fatehpur Sikri (a) __________ Mughal dynasty between 1571 and 1584. It
  • (b) __________ Akbar, and is one of a kind. The buildings within Fatehpur Sikri
  • (c) __________ architectural traditions. Though the general layout of the buildings
  • (d) __________, the actual buildings (mainly palaces), their ornate columns, arches, carving style, etc.
  • (e) __________ Gujarat and Rajasthan
  • (a) (i) was the Imperial city of the
  • (ii) is the Imperial city of the
  • (iii) was an Imperial city of
  • (iv) has been an Imperial city of the
  • (b) (i) was being built by the
  • (ii) has been built by
  • (iii) got built by the
  • (iv) was built by
  • (c) (i) are a blend of Islamic and Hindu
  • (ii) are blended with Islamic and Hindu
  • (iii) is blended of Islamic and Hindu
  • (iv) is a blend of Islamic and Hindu
  • (d) (i) i conforming to the Islamic styles of architecture
  • (ii) conforms to the Islamic style of architecture
  • (iii) in conforming to the Islamic style of architecture
  • (iv) are conforming to the Islamic style of architecture
  • (e) (i) show a Hindu influence specially that of
  • (ii) shows an Hindu influence specially from
  • (iii) showed the Hindu influence of
  • (iv) show a particular Hindu influence of

Answers:

  • (a) - (i) was the Imperial city of the
  • (b) - (iv) was built by
  • (c) - (i) are a blend of Islamic and Hindu
  • (d) - (ii) conforms to the Islamic style of architecture
  • (e) - (i) show a Hindu influence specially that of
Question 2.
Complete the passage by choosing the correct options from those given below?
  • Legends will tell you that flamingoes are (a) __________ ordinary visitors to Kutch. They were the honoured guests of King Lakho and he
  • (b) __________ the hunting of flamingoes that
  • (c) __________ to Kutch from various parts of the world every year to breed. For centuries the region
  • (d) __________ a haven for this migratory bird. Flamingo City, an island in the middle of the Rann of Kutch,
  • (e) __________ the world over as one of the biggest breeding grounds of the Greater Flamingo,
  • (f) __________ with bodies of hundreds of flamingo chicks. The parents of these chicks
  • (g) __________ the island due to tack of food
  • (a) (i) no
  • (ii) not
  • (iii) just
  • (iv) an
  • (b) (i) has forbidden
  • (ii) forbade
  • (iii) forbidden
  • (iv) had forbidden
  • (c) (i) comes
  • (ii) are coming
  • (iii) came
  • (iv) come
  • (d) (i) has been
  • (ii) was
  • (iii) have been
  • (iv) is
  • (e) (i) knows
  • (ii) was known
  • (iii) are knows
  • (iv) known
  • (f) (i) is strewn
  • (ii) are strewn
  • (iii) strewn
  • (iv) has strewn
  • (g) (i) fled
  • (ii) have fled
  • (iii) has fled
  • (iv) are fled

Answers:

  • (a) - (i) no
  • (b) - (iv) had forbidden
  • (c) - (iii) came
  • (d) - (i) has been
  • (e)- (iv) known
  • (f) - (i) is strewn
  • (g) - (ii) have fled
Question 3.
Rearrange the following words and phrases to form meaningful sentences as shown. spent/ trying / years/ to perfect/ Elias Howe/ a sewing machine Elias Howe spent years trying to perfect a sewing machine?
  • he/ that/ had been/ by / captured/ one night/ a tribe/ dreamed/ he
  • One night he dreamed that he had been captured by a tribe
  • told/ would have to/ he/ he/ produce/ was/ in a day/ the sewing machine
  • He was told he would have to produce the sewing machine in a day
  • speared/ could not/ if/ he/ would be/ he/ by/ the tribe
  • If he could not, he would be speared by the tribe
  • suddenly/ he/ Howe/ as/ woke up/ to/ the solution/ saw/ his/ problem
  • Howe saw the solution to his problem as he suddenly woke up
Question 4.
Read the comic strip and complete the passage given below?
  • Neha asked Naina (a) _________ London. Naina replied that she had enjoyed herself only in parts as
  • (b) _________ there. Then Neha wanted to know
  • (c) _________ To this Naina replied that
  • (d) _________ although
  • (e) _________ it had rained a little less there

Answer:

  • (a) if she enjoyed her holiday in London
  • (b) it was really very cold there
  • (c) if she had seen any of the famous places there
  • (d) she had seen a number of interesting places
  • (e) she wished
Question 5.
Given below is a set of rules from the Rule Book of APM School, Jodhpur. Purnima, Head Girl of the school writes a set of instructions for the school notice board using these. Write the instructions for Purnima in Passive Voice in the space provided?
  • Do not bring motorised vehicles to school
  • Do not park your cycles at the entrance
  • Return the library books within a week
  • Do not walk in the front lawns
  • Senior students should not go to the Primary Wing without permission
  • Students are hereby informed that they (a) __________ as they do not have valid licences for driving as yet. They are also
  • (b) __________ at the front entrance but must go to the cycle stand. The library books
  • (c) __________ within a week of issue as other students may also require them. No student
  • (d) __________ to walk about or run in the front lawn. Senior students
  • (e) __________ to go to the Primary Wing without permission

Answer:

  • (a) should not bring motorised vehicles to school
  • (b) not to park their cycles
  • (c) should be returned
  • (d) is allowed
  • (e) are not allowed
Question 6.
In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in your answer sheet against the correct blank number. Ensure that the word that forms your answer is underlined?
Answer:
  • Two teenagers broke into / grocery shop (a) into a grocery In 1984. The two boys located what they thought / the
  • (b) thought was the cash box, dragged it from the wall, / ran off.
  • (c) wall, and ran When the box started ringing loudly, / tried
  • (d) loudly, they tried hitting it / a heavy iron bar. Despite their
  • (e) it with a. attempts to stop / noise, they had to throw
  • (f) stop the noise the box away. They / stolen the burglar alarm.
  • (g) They had stolen Now they are / police custody.
  • (h) are in police

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